%0 Journal Article %T 土壤活性组分提取剂的研制及初步试验结果 %T Research of Soil Activated Ions Extractant and Preliminary Test Results %A 吴昆明 %A 魏朝俊 %A 刘云 %A 梁颖博 %A WU,Kun ming %A WEI,Chao jun %A LIU,Yun %A LIANG,Ying bo %J 岩矿测试 %J Rock and Mineral Analysis %@ 0254-5357 %V 33 %N 3 %D 2014 %P 381-389 %K 土壤;活性组分提取剂(AIE);Mehlich 3;AB-DTPA;盐酸;提取效果 %K soil;activated ions extractant (AIE);Mehlich 3;AB-DTPA;HCl;extraction effect %X 土壤的活性组分能够反映土壤实际污染状况及对环境的危害,选择适当的土壤浸提剂是准确评价土壤活性组分的关键技术,已有的提取剂局限于不同元素和不同土壤类型,提取步骤繁琐,实验周期长,重现性不高。本文研制了一种提取土壤中活性组分的新型提取剂——AIE,提取剂组成为0.25 mol/L醋酸-0.25 mol/L醋酸铵-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2%对苯二酚混合溶液。国家标准物质提取实验表明,AIE提取剂能够有效提取土壤中多种元素的活性组分(有效态磷、有效态钾、有效态锰、有效态铜),具有很好的通用性。AIE提取剂与三种通用提取剂(Mehlich 3、AB-DTPA、盐酸)的实验比较表明,AIE对作物营养组分盐基离子(K、Na、Ca、Mg)的提取效果高于AB-DTPA和盐酸,与Mehlich 3的提取量变化规律基本一致;对Fe、Mn、P和重金属元素的提取值70%高于或相当于其他三种提取剂。应用AIE提取土壤的活性组分,适用于提取作物营养组分和重金属元素,既可提取有效态又可提取缓效态,且样品无需针对不同元素做分别处理,多种元素提取方法一致,比已有的提取剂实验周期缩短3~5倍,有利于大批量样品的分析测试;AIE实际应用的重现性较好,大多数元素提取量的相对标准偏差低于8%;AIE的缓冲能力强,提取液的pH值升高幅度(0.07~0.9)均未超过缓冲溶液的缓冲范围,可同时适用于酸性和碱性土壤。总体上AIE通用性优于Mehlich 3和AB-DTPA提取剂,是已有提取分析方法的补充和完善。 %X Active constituents in soil can reflect the status of the actual pollution and harm to the environment, and selection of the appropriate extractant is a key technology to accurately evaluate active soil components. The existing extractant method has been limited to different elements and different soil types with complicated extraction steps, a long experimental period and poor reproducibility. A new type of activated ions extractant (AIE) has been developed in this study. The new extracting solution, already designated AIE, is composed of 0.25 mol/L CH3COOH-0.25 mol/L NH4OAc-0.005 mol/L DTPA-0.2% C6H4(OH)2. Extraction experiment results of the national standard substances show that AIE extraction agent can effectively extract active components (available P, available K, available Mn and available Cu) in soil with good versatility. AIE extracting results in comparison with three extraction extractants such as Mehlich 3, AB-DTPA and HCl, show that the extraction effect of AIE on nutrition component base cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) is higher than that of AB-DTPA and HCl extraction agents, and the extraction effect of AIE and Mehlich 3 have the same trend. Extraction effects of AIE on Fe, Mn, P and heavy metals were 70% better than the three kinds of extracting agents mentioned. AIE was suitable for the extraction of nutrition components and heavy metals, which can extract the available state and slow release state. The extraction method of different elements was the same and no need to process separately, and the experimental period was 3-5 times less than the existing extractant method, which was favourable for the analysis of quantities of samples. AIE extraction results have good reproducibility, and relative standard deviations of the other elements except Na were lower than 8%. AIE has strong buffering capacity, and a pH value range of 0.07-0.9 is in the buffering capacity of buffer solution, which is good for acidic and alkaline soils. The versatility is better than that of Mehlich 3 and AB-DTPA. The new extracting agent is a supplement and improvement of existing methods. %R %U http://manu.ykcs.ac.cn/ykcs/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx %1 JIS Version 3.0.0